AsianFin -- BYD kicked off operations at its first passenger car factory in Brazil on July 1, marking a pivotal shift in the Chinese automaker’s global strategy, from exporting to establishing full-scale local production in overseas markets.
At a ceremony in Camaçari, Bahia, the first vehicle rolled off the assembly line at BYD’s industrial complex, a sprawling 4.68 million-square-meter facility backed by an investment of 5.5 billion reais ($1 billion). With an initial annual capacity of 150,000 vehicles, BYD said the plant will serve as its core manufacturing base in the region, with more than 90% of its models set to be produced locally.
“Brazil is not just a key market—it’s a strategic gateway to Latin America,” a BYD spokesperson said. The move underscores the growing importance of the region as Chinese EV makers grapple with fierce competition and policy headwinds in their home market.
BYD’s Brazil push is the latest example of China’s leading EV firms accelerating localization in high-growth, underpenetrated markets.
Since entering Brazil in 2014 and launching its first passenger EV in 2021, BYD has expanded rapidly, selling more than 130,000 vehicles by May 2025. Its latest move signals a long-term commitment to tap the region’s demand and hedge against rising trade barriers.
Brazil’s appeal is clear. As the world’s sixth-largest auto market and Latin America’s largest economy, the country recorded GDP of 11.7 trillion reais ($2.1 trillion) in 2024, up 3.4% year-on-year. New energy vehicle (NEV) adoption is gathering momentum, with NEV sales surging 39% in the first five months of 2025 to over 61,000 units, lifting penetration to 8.5%.
This aligns perfectly with BYD’s product mix: hybrids and entry-level EVs. From January to May, BYD captured four of the top five best-selling NEV slots, led by the Song Pro and Seagull. Great Wall Motors also saw traction, with its Haval H6 and Ora 03 placing in the top 10.
However, success in Brazil will depend on more than just sales.
In a bid to protect its domestic industry, Brazil is phasing in higher import tariffs for EVs and hybrids—jumping to as high as 35% by 2026. That makes local manufacturing a necessity, not a choice.
“Export-led growth is no longer sustainable,” said a senior BYD executive. “Local production is the only way to stay competitive.”
Yet localization brings new hurdles. While federal incentives under Brazil’s Green Mobility and Innovation Program (Mover) support NEV production, infrastructure remains patchy. The country has only 14,800 public charging points, mostly clustered in the southeast. Expansion in northern and rural areas lags far behind.
Labor issues also loom. Brazil’s strong union culture and emphasis on work-life balance have created friction with Chinese management styles that prioritize speed and efficiency. Several Chinese projects have faced delays due to workforce integration challenges.
BYD isn’t alone in its Brazil bet. Great Wall Motors has converted a former Mercedes-Benz plant in São Paulo to produce hybrids, while Geely has teamed up with Renault to explore low-carbon manufacturing. MG, Zeekr, GAC and other Chinese brands are also entering the fray, aiming to establish R&D, supply chains, and sales networks across Brazil.
What’s unfolding is a broader shift from export-driven strategies to embedded, long-term localization—mirroring the playbook Chinese firms adopted in Southeast Asia a decade ago.
“Brazil is becoming the next frontier for global EVs,” said a local analyst. “It’s not just about selling cars anymore. It’s about building ecosystems.”
With competition intensifying in Europe and Southeast Asia, Brazil offers a rare combination of growth potential, rising demand, and policy incentives. If BYD can overcome infrastructure, labor, and regulatory challenges, its Camaçari facility could become a blueprint for global expansion.
As China’s automakers enter a new phase of globalization, Brazil is shaping up to be a critical proving ground. Winning the market will require more than low prices or advanced tech—it demands local partnerships, agile operations, and brand trust.
For BYD, Camaçari is more than a factory—it’s a beachhead in a region where the EV race is just beginning. How well it navigates this next chapter could determine not only its success in Brazil, but its place in the global automotive hierarchy.
